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Sickle cell anemia Types of adult hemoglobin  Hb A1 = 97% of adult hemoglobin, composed of 2 α and 2 β chains (α2β2).  Hemoglobin (Hb A2) = ...

Case study (30) – Plasmodium falciparum Malaria  Questions:  Q1. What abnormality is seen in the peripheral blood film?     Q2. What are t...

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency - Infrequent genetic metabolic disease caused by a deficiency of pyruvate kinase enzyme, characterized by variabl...

Case study (29) – Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (PML)   A 36-year-old woman has a history of fatigue for 1 week.  Her menstrual period has la...

Hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) - Hereditary Elliptocytosis, or ovalocytosis, is an inherited blood disease in which the RBC is oval rather t...

Case study (28) – Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura   A 4-year-old child has a history of bruising on the face, neck, and lower limbs for 3 to...

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (G6PDD)   - G6PD is a metabolic enzyme required in the pentose phosphate pathway and is particu...